Add Docker configuration for developers.

Слиты xottab-duty запросил слияние github/fork/TmLev/docker в xd_dev

Created by: TmLev

This pull request aims to:

  • Provide Docker image with all the necessary tools and libraries.
  • Add handy scripts.
  • Make cross-platform development with the use of CLion possible.
  • Add detailed instructions on how to set up CLion.

Thanks to @eagleivg for patching this up. Supersedes #692.