Surface Curvatures
==================

Functionality
-------------

This node calculates several types of information about surface curvature:

* Principal curvature values
* Principal curvature directions
* Gauss curvature
* Mean curvature
* Matrix based on principal curvature directions and surface normal.

You can refer to Wkikpedia_ for more detailed information about these terms.

.. _Wkikpedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_geometry_of_surfaces

If you need only Gaussian curvature value, you can as well use simpler "Surface Gauss Curvature" node.

Inputs
------

This node has the following inputs:

* **Surface**. The surface to analyze. This input is mandatory.
* **U**, **V**. Values of U and V surface parameters. These inputs are
  available only when **Input mode** parameter isset to **Separate**. The
  default value is 0.5.
* **UVPoints**. Points at which the surface is to be analyzed. Only two of
  three coordinates will be used; the coordinates used are defined by the
  **Orientation** parameter. This input is available and mandatory if the
  **Input mode** parameter is set to **Vertices**.

Parameters
----------

This node has the following parameters:

* **Input mode**. The available options are:

   * **Separate**. The values of U and V surface parameters will be provided in
     **U** and **V** inputs, correspondingly.
   * **Vertices**. The values of U and V surface parameters will be provided in
     **Vertices** input; only two of three coordinates of the input vertices
     will be used.
   
   The default mode is **Separate**.

* **Input orientation**. This parameter is available only when  **Input mode**
  parameter is set to **Vertices**. This defines which coordinates of vertices
  provided in the **Vertices** input will be used. The available options are
  XY, YZ and XZ. For example, if this is set to XY, then the X coordinate of
  vertices will be used as surface U parameter, and Y coordinate will be used
  as V parameter. The default value is XY.
* **Clamp**. This defines how the node will process the values of
  surface U and V parameters which are out of the surface's domain. The
  available options are:

   * **As is**. Do not do anything special, just pass the parameters to the
     surface calculation algorithm as they are. The behaviour of the surface
     when the values of parameters provided are out of domain depends on
     specific surface: some will just calculate points by the same formula,
     others will give an error.
   * **Clamp**. Restrict the parameter values to the surface domain: replace
     values that are greater than the higher bound with higher bound value,
     replace values that are smaller than the lower bound with the lower bound
     value. For example, if the surface domain along U direction is `[0 .. 1]`,
     and the value of U parameter is 1.05, calculate the point of the surface
     at U = 1.0.
   * **Wrap**. Wrap the parameter values to be within the surface domain, i.e.
     take the values modulo domain. For example, if the surface domain along U
     direction is `[0 .. 1]`, and the value of U parameter is 1.05, evaluate
     the surface at U = 0.05.

   The default mode is **As is**.

* **Sort curvatures**. If checked, then the node will always make sure that
  curvature values are calculated so that **Curvature1** value is less than
  **Curvature2**. If not checked, this will not be guaranteed. For many simple
  surfaces, the order of curvature values calculated without this parameter is
  always the same. Checked by default.

Outputs
-------

This node has the following outputs:

* **Curvature1**. The first principal curvature value. If **Sort curvatures**
  parameter is checked, then this will be always the smaller principal
  curvature value.
* **Curvature2**. The second principal curvature value. If **Sort curvatures**
  parameter is checked, then this will be always the bigger principal curvature
  value.
* **Dir1**. The first principal curvature direction - one which corresponds to **Curvature1**.
* **Dir2**. The second principal curvature direction - one which corresponds to **Curvature2**.
* **Gauss**. Gauss curvature value.
* **Mean**. Mean curvature value.
* **Matrix**. A matrix composed from principal curvature directions. It's X
  axis is looking along **Dir1**, Y axis is looking along **Dir2** and Z axis
  is looking along the surface's normal.

Examples of usage
-----------------

Use first principal curvature value for vertex colors:

.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/284644/80917635-d9089900-8d79-11ea-982e-ccde3742ffc6.png

The same with second principal curvature value:

.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/284644/80917636-d9a12f80-8d79-11ea-9563-a77c3447abf5.png

Gaussian curvature:

.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/284644/80917638-da39c600-8d79-11ea-8243-d74ab1f7b7b5.png

Use Matrix output to place Suzannes on the surface:

.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/284644/80917634-d8700280-8d79-11ea-99e3-0d4d065d639a.png

Here Suzannes are looking along the second principal curvature direction.

Use Matrix output to place cubes on the surface:

.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/284644/80917640-da39c600-8d79-11ea-8e5e-2cfd3e7a0806.png

